Kiln.



H. P. JENKS.

KILN.

APPLICATION man ocr. e. 1914.

1,179,928. Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

my@ QM 'gy ATTORNEY THE COLUMBIA PLANDGRAPH vCIL, WASHlNGTON, D. C,

H. P. IENKS.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 6. 1914.

1,179,928. I f Patented Apr.18,1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

n n ln n n n n n n q p n n n n n `n q p n u n n D D /U [I U l] El n n n n n u n n |n n n n n n n n n n n Au n n n n n n' n n n n f/q' p n n n n n nJn p n uJ//n n n' p n n THE COLUMBIA IILANOGRAP co., WASHINGTON, D. C.

H. P. JENKS.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED 0016, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

6. WM/ HI WITNESS/56'.' w22/b f2/fg? MM 75 q Cai TIIE COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPII co.. WASHINGTON, D. I:

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Agi

HARFORD P. JENKS, F VIGO, OHI.

Kirn.

To aU lwhom it may concern.'

lie it known that l, ltlanrono P. JnNns, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Vigo,in `the county of Ross and iii-tate of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lilns, of which the following is a specification. r

My invention relates to kilns for burning bricks, pottery, and the like, and has for its object to provide an improved construction for heating the Ware uniformly and eiliciently, for varying the'` draft so that it may be directed either exclusively upward, or eX- clusively downward, or partly upward an partly downward, and for properly distributing the heating gases Within the kiln. rlhe details of my invention Will be fully set forth hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the novel features will be pointed out in the appended claims.

ln said drawings, Figure l. is a horizontal section, taken on the line l-l of Fig. 2, through a i kiln embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical section therethrough, practically on the line 2ML? of Fig. l; Fig. il is det-ail vertical section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 9.; Eig. ai is a partial horizontal section through another form of my invention; liigs. 5 and `G are detail. vertical sections taken `on the lines 5-5 and 6-6 respectively of Fig. 4; Fig. 7 is a cross section on line 7-7 of Fig. 8, the latter being a hori- I/.ontal section partly (at the left) on line Sim-3 of Fig. '7, and partly` (at the right) on line tin-8 of Fig. 7, showing another form of my invention; and Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. S showing still another form of construction. Y

ln the construction illustrated by Figs. l, i?, and 3, the kiln comprises an outer Wall .l of circular cross section, a floor l5, and a rco- C. At suitable points, say 90 apart, a number of lou'er furnaces D are arranged in or adjacent to the said Wall' A, the said lunaces having their disciarge openings belen' the level of the floor l, as shown at the rightliand portion of Fig. 2. l/Vith these discharge ends of the furnaces are in connnunication the outer ends of channels or heat leaders E, extending under the floor it toward the center of the kiln; in the eX- amplo shown, 'there are four such heat lead ers. immediately above them, the floor B is huperforate t see Fig. 3), but the other porlions of the betteln `are provided "with apen Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. in, lilith Application filed October 6, 1914. Serial No. 865,3131.

tures F through which the hot gases from the furnaces D may pass up into the kiln. The furnaces D maybe of any approved construction. Below the bottom or floor B is arranged a horizontal Wall G, the floor B and Wall G together forming a double bottom. l prefer however, to extend the heat leaders E beloiv the Wall G, so that the height of said leaders will be greater than the distance between the floor B and Wall G, the bottoni of the heat leader being indicated at e in Figs. and B. At points of the kiln which are intermediate between the furnaces D, (that is to say, in positions at o from said furnaces, in the example shovvn,) l arrange another set of furnaces lvl (of any suitable construction) preferably above the level of the floor, and the hot gases from these upper furnaces are adapted to enter the low ends of the bag-dues J disposed Within the kiln adjacent to the Wall A and opening at their upper ends into the interior of' the kiln. ln order that the hot gases from the lower furnaces l) may be thoroughly distributed Within the kiln, the space between the floor B and Wall G is subdivided into four) sections by radial vertical partitions l disposed at the same points as the furnaces fl, that is to say, intermediate between the heat leaders E, so that each heat leader communicates with only one of the compartments or sections formed by the partitions l. l-"arallel transverse partitions L, preferably at uniform distances from each other, extend in the space between the floor B and the bottom ivall G, said partitions being vertical and arc-shaped. starting` at a distance from the partitions K and terminating at the edge of the heat leader E. The hot gases from the heat lea der may thus pass through the transverse channels M situated between the partitions L and also through the radial channels N extending alongthe radial partitions K. The hot gases then enter the kiln through the floor openin yas F which are immediately above the said channels M, N. For structural reasons on account of the extremely high temperatures prevailing in the heat leaders). it is impracticable to construct the arch at the top of the heat leaders E of any great Width. On the other hand, since the heat leaders supply several channels M. it follows that the capacity (or cross section) of a heat leader must be considerably greater than that of a channel M,

, 30 reach the stack.

and since the width of the heat leader is limited 1n view of the structural feature above referred'to, l have gainedthe required capacity of cross section of the heat leaders` by increasing their height, which T accomplish by extending them below the level of the horizontal wall G'.

For carrying away the hot gases from the interior of the kiln, the following arrangew ment is provided: Stacks O are provided in the wall A, preferably directly above the lower furnaces D. Each of these stacks is connected with the interior ofthe kiln iat two different levels, the upper connection P extending through the roof C, or at least to a point near the roof, and being controlf lable by a damper or valvelQ, while the lower connection R extends to a pointv about midway between the floor B and the lower edgeof the roof C, at a level below the upper ends of the bag-hues J. The lower end of each stack has a channel Sy leading to the adjacent furnace D, which channel is controlled by a valve T. A pivoted or other 2,5 valve VU is located in the lower portion of the stack O between the connections to the channels Sand P in one position, this valve closes the channel R, in the other (Fig. 2) it enables the hot gases from saidchannel to Ifit is desired tooperate with updraft only, the furnaces Dare operated alone, the doors ofthe upper furnaces `Hbeing generally closedduring su'choperationg firer is made 'in theffurnaces D, the valve Q is opened, T closed, and U placed `vertical. The hot. gases will then pass 'through the heat leaders E, channels M; and Nyand'apertures F in the floor B, into the interiorof the kiln, heating' the ware thereaolin. If the connections P are open and the connections R closed, the hot gases will 'travel in a substantially vertical direction s'through the entire mass of goods contained Y in the kiln; if it is desiredfat anyv time to heat the lower portion of the stacked goods "more strongly, this can be effected by a f proper manipulation of the valves Q and U, evenl to the extent of closing the valves Q entirely and opening the valves U'fully. 5e /Vhen it is desired to'opera'te with'a down- 'draft only, the valves Q 'are closed, the V`va'lvesU are brought vto the'position in 'which they cut oil" the connection between i 'the channels R and the stacks O, and fire is jmade in `the upper furnaces H, while the "lower furnaces D are inactive, but connected with the stacks O by opening the respective valves T, The hot gases' fromV the furnaces "H will pass up through the bag-fines J and 601 then-down through the'ware, the floor apert tures Fl into the' channels'M, N, the furnaces "D, to the channels S'and out through the y"stacks O. In this case also, avmoderation and regulationof the heating-effect within fif'thefkiln maybe obtained by a proper Ina- Vthe position stood that all these vnipulation of the valves U (and, if desired,

operated simultaneously, a combined up- 7o rdraft and downdraft may be obtained within vthe kiln, the valves in thiscase being in shown in Fig. 2 (Q and T closed, and U swung to connect R with 0). The gases from the lower furnaces will pass ffl through the kiln floor and up to the channels R, while the gases from the upper furnaces H will in this case pass up the bagflues J and then down to the same outlet channels R. It will be obvious that the heatsi; ing effect may be altered in various manners according as one set of furnaces or both are operatedfand according lto the adjustment of the valves Q, T, and U. It will beundervalves havey actuating fi' members' projecting to the outside of the kiln, or at least accessible from the outside of the kiln.

In the construction illustrated by Figs. l, 5,'and 6, there are upper furnaces H and f lowery furnaces D' set 60'apart instead of O apart, that is to say, each set would containsix furnaces instead' of four. The radial partitions K'are 60O apart, and the transverse partitions L are straight instead 5^'- of arc-shaped. Their relation to the heat leaders E is substantially the Vsame as in Figs. 1, 2,'and 3, that is to say, the transverse partitions start from the edges of rthe heat'leaders; but in this form of my invention, the transverse partitions L' have been shown as brought into actual contact with the radial7 partitions K', so that this embodiment of kmy 4invention contains no raldial channels corresponding to the radial channels vN of the construction first described. The arrangement of the upper furnaces relativelyT to their bag-fines J is the same as described above. The lower furnaces D' have been shown as located above 'l l* `the level of the floor B, with a duct V leading downwardly from each furnace D' to the heat leader E, the floor construction being the sameas described above, that is to I say, there are apertures F over the transverse channels M', but none above the heat leaders E. Of course, the preferred arrangement of the upper furnaces H' is again half-way between the lower furnaces D', that is to say, 30O` from them, as shown in Fig. 120 1i. The lower furnaces D have lateral connections S', controlled by valves T', leading tothe stacks 0', the other channels P, R, and valves Q, U being the same as in Figs. y* l, 2, and 3. The stacks O are not in the same vertical planes with the lower furnaces D', but slightly to one side, about half-Way between the upper and lower furnaces, as f shown lin Fig. 4. yThe downtake flues or ducts V enable they gases 'from the Alower fur- 13@ Cfr Cfr

naces to reach the heat leaders and the space below the perforated floor. The operation and adjustments are the same as in the construction described above.

As shown in Figs. 7 and 81, `l have illustrated the application of my invention to a rectangular kiln. The wall A has on one side three evenly spaced upper furnaces H connected with the interiorof the kiln by means of bag-fines d similar to those previously described. On the same side,` and preferably midway between the upper furnaces, I arrange lower furnaces D communicating with `heat leaders E the opposite side of the kiln, below the perforated floor B. The perforations F are directly above, and in communication with, transverse channels M which at one end communicate with tlierespective heat leader E, and at the other end are closed by walls or partitions K arranged at right angles to the transverse partitions L which separate adjacent channels M from each other. At the opposite (long) side of the rectangular kiln, stacks O are arranged, either directly opposite the lower furnaces, as shown, or in any other convenient manner. These stacks communicate with the interior of the kiln, above the perforated floor, by means of upper and lower connections P and lt respectively, controlled by lvalves Q and U of the same character as described above, and I also provide a connection S, controlled by a valve T, for connecting the stack'O with the space below the perforated floor B. The operation of this form of `my invention will be substantially the same as in the case described with reference to Figs. l to 6.

l'Vhile the arrangement of the channels M in Fig. S issimilar to that of the channels M of Fig. l (that is to say, these transverse channels are closed at one end by a longitudinal wall, and there are no longitudinal channels along said wall), the arrangement shown in Fig. 9 corresponds to` that of Fig. i, that is, the transverse walls or partitions L* extend from the heat leaders E* to points at a distance from the partition l* which divide the space under the floor B* into a series of separate compartments; thus additional channels N* are formed along the partitions Kfz, and the apertures F* are located above the channels ii/Il, N?. l have not deemed it necessary to show this construction in cross section, since such a view would be `practically identical with Fig. 2.

The two sets of furnaces have been referred to as upper and lower furnaces respectively; these terms refer to the function of these furnaces in supplying hot gases to the kiln above and belowy the perforated floor respectively, rather than tothe relative leV= 3 els at which such. turna ces are arranged,

extending to Various modifications may be made without departing from the nature of my invention asset forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

l. A kiln comprising a surrounding wall, a roof, a door, a horizontal wall below said door, heat leaders located immediately beneath the ioor and extending below the level of said horizontal wall, partitions extending from said horizontal wall upwardly to the floor and dividing the space under the iioor into separate compartments, lower furnaces communicating with said heat leaders, upper furnaces communicating with the interior of the kiln above the floor, the ,1

latter being apertured, and a stack communicating with the interior of the kiln.

2. A kiln comprising a surrounding wall, a roof, a floor provided with apertures, a

horizontal wall below said door, heat leaders located immediately beneath the floor and extending to a level below that of said horizontal wall, partitions extending from said horizontal wall upwardly to the floor betweenthe heat leaders and dividing the :i

space under the floor into separate compartments, and means for conveying the hot gases away from the interior of the kiln.

3. A kiln comprising an outer wall, a roof, a floor, a wall below said floor, heat leaders located beneath said floor, partitions extending from the last-named wall upwardly to the Hoor between the heat lead.- ers, the latter being extended downwardly below the level of said wall, and other partitions extending transversely from the firstnamed partitions to the heat leaders between said floor and wall and forming transverse channels, the licor being perforated above said channels but imperforate above theheat leaders.

et. A kiln comprising an outer wall, a roof, a floor, a lower wall beneath said floor, heat leaders located beneath said floor, partitions extending from the said lower wall upwardly to the floor between the heat leaders, and other partitions extending transversely from contact with the first-named partitions to the heat leaders between said floor and lower wall and forming transverse channels, the floor being perforated above said channels.

5. A. kiln comprising an outer wall, a roof, a perforated floor, two sets of furnaces, both located above the level of the floor, heat leaders under the floor, downtake flues connecting the furnaces of one set with said heat leaders, and upward bag- 'flues connecting the furnaces of the other set with the interior of the kiln above thc licor.

6. A kiln comprising an outer wall, a roof, a perforated floor. means for supplyling a heating medium to the space beneath the floor, a stack having separate connectionswiththe interior ofthek kiln at different levels abovethe floor, andfmeans for controlling said connections independently.

7. A kiln comprising an outer wall, a roof, a perforated floor, means for supplying a heating. medium to floor, a stack havingy a connection leading to the interior ofthe kiln adjacentto the roof, and'another connection leading to the interior of the kiln at a lower level yet above the floor, and means for controlling said connections independently.

8. A kiln comprising an outer wall, a roof, a perforated floor, a stack having a connection with the interior of the kiln adjacent to the roof and another connection with said interior kat a lower level, means for controlling said connections, a furnace communicating with the space beneath the floory and located beneath the stack, andadapted to communicate' therewith, and means. for controlling the direct :connection of, said furnace .with the stack.

9. A kilnI comprising an outer wall, a roof,

a perforated floor, a stack having .upper andy lowerk connectionV with the interior ofy the `kiln and independentmeans for controlling said connections, a furnace communicating with the space beneath the floor and located at the base of the said. stack, and. adapted to communicate withA said stack, and` means for controlling. the connectionA leading .from the stack. directly to saidV furnace.

10. A kiln comprising a surrounding wall, a roof, an; apertured floor, a horizontal wall beneath said floor, heat leaders llocated beneath thefloor, and transverse partitions eX- tending between thesaid floor and. wall adjacent tothe heat leaders on each side thereof but terminating at the heat leaders, and means for heating the kiln and for Acarrying away the hotgases.

11. A kiln comprising a surroundingwall, a roof, a floor, fioor, heat leaders located beneath the floor and vextending zontal wall, the space under the floor being divided into separate compartments, lower furnaces communicating with said c heat leaders, upper furnaces communicating with the interior of the kiln above the floor, the latter being apertured, and a stack communicating with the interior of the kiln.

12. A kiln comprising a surrounding wall, a roof, an apertured floor, a horizontal wall below said Hoor, heat leaders located beneath the floor and extending below the level of said horizontal wall, means for supplying a heating medium to :the heat leaders, and means for carrying the hot gases away from the kiln.

13. A kiln comprising a surrounding wall, a roof, `an apertured floor, a horizontal wall belowl said floor, heat leaders locatedl beneath thefloor vandextending belowthe level of the f space vbeneath said.l

a horizontal wall belowk saidl belowl thelevel of saidhorisaid `horizontal wall, lower furnaces communicatingwith said heat leaders, upper furnaces communicating with theinterior of the kiln above the'fioor, and a stack communicating with the interior of the kiln.y

14. A kiln. comprising an outer wall, a roof, a perforated floor, a stack having an opening connecting it with the interior of the kiln above said floor, means-to close said opening, a furnace, a horizontal wall beneath said floor, the space between said `floor and said horizontal wall communicating with said furnace, and also with said stack, the connections from the stack to thefurnace and to the space beneath the floor being.v bothextraneous tothe interior ofthe kiln, and means to interrupt the communication between said space and' said stack.`

15. A kilncomprising an outer wall, a perforated'floor, a stack. having an opening. connecting it withv the interior of thekiln above said floor, means to close said opening,a furnace, a horizontal wall beneath ysaid floor, the space between said floor and. said horizontal wall communicating with.. said furnace, and the latter communicating with the vsaid stack, and means'to control the. communication between said furnace and said stack.v

16. A kilncomprising an outer wall, a roof, a perforated floor, a stack having an opening connecting it with the yinterior of thekiln above said floor, means to close said opening, a furnace arranged beneath said stack, an opening connecting saidfurnace withsaid: stack, means to control saidlastnamed opening, and a horizontal wall arranged beneath -saidfloor, the space between said floor and horizontal wall communicating directly `with said furnace.

17. A kiln comprising an outer wall, a roof, a perforated floor, va stack having an opening connecting it with theV interior of the iln above said floor, means to close said opening,.a furnace arranged laterally of said floor, a horizontal wallarranged beneath said floor, the space between said floor and horizontal `wall, having a connection with said furnace, and another connection with the stack, the connections from'the stack to the furnace and to the space beneath the floor being both extraneous to the interior of the kiln, and means to control the last-named connection.

18. A kiln comprising an outer wall, a roof, an apertured floor, a chamber or space beneath said Hoor, a stack for carrying away hot gases from the kiln, and a furnace for supplying a heating medium, ysaid furnace. having one connection leading to 4said space below the floor, and another connection leading to saidy stack.

19. A kiln comprising an outer wall, a. roof, a perforated floor, a furnace for supplying a heating. medium, a stack for carrying away hot gases from the kiln, and a chamber or space beneath said perforated ioor, said chamber being connected both with said stack and with said furnace, the

,i connections fromthe stack to the furnace `plying a heating `Uopes of this patent may and to said chamber being both extraneous to the interior kiln chamber.

20. A kiln comprising an outer Wall, a roof, a perforated floor, a furnace for supmedium, a stack having a connection with the interior of the kiln near the top thereof and another connection about half-way betweenthe top and said floor, and a space or chamber beneath said floor, communicating with said furnace.

21. A kiln comprising an outer Wall, a

be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Washington, D. C.

roof,\a perforated noor, a space or chamber beneath said floor, a furnace for supplying a heating medium, a stack having a controllable connection with the interior of the kiln above the said floor, and another controllable connection with said chamber, and a third connection, extraneous to the interior of the kiln leading from the furnace direct to Said chamber.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presence of tWo subscribing witnesses.

HARFORD P. J ENKS. Witnesses:

VEs'rA E. YAPLE, 1WALTER BOULGER.

Commissioner of Tatents, 

